Plastic Waste free essay sample

The current examination explores the expected utilization of waste plastic as a modifier for black-top cement and concrete solid asphalt. Plastic waste, comprising of convey sacks, cups and so on can be utilized as a covering over total and this covered stone can be utilized for street development. Various proportions of plastic, for example, Polypropylene (PP), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by weight of black-top were mixed with 80/100 clearing grade black-top. Unmodified and adjusted black-top covers were exposed to rheological test. The exhibition tests including, Marshall Stability, loss of soundness tests were directed utilizing plastic covered totals and polymer adjusted bitumen on HMA blends. Work has been finished by utilizing plastic covered totals in concrete solid asphalts. The outcomes indicated better qualities for black-top cement. This is an eco-accommodating procedure. Catchphrases squander polymer, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), plastic covered totals, polymer adjusted bitumen, Marshall Stability, M20 plain concrete cement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Plastic Waste or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One of the fundamental segments of hot blend black-top (HMA) is black-top concrete cover. Black-top is utilized essentially development of streets and as a significant segment in roofing materials because of its amazing official and waterproofing properties. The conduct of black-top concrete in administration is represented by their underlying designing properties just as by the mechanical and ecological conditions to which they are oppressed. The consistent increment in high rush hour gridlock power as far as business vehicles, the expansion in over stacking of trucks and the huge variety in day by day and occasional temperature request improved street attributes. Under these circumstances, it is basic to adjust the black-top concrete utilizing modifiers to improve its building properties. Then again, the ecological issue, for example, removal of waste plastic is significant concern. To beat the issues the modifiers (squander plastic) are utilized. Among different sorts of modifiers, polymers are likely the most encouraging. Notwithstanding the huge number of polymeric items, moderately few are reasonable for adjustment of black-top concrete and are good with black-top concrete. Polymers utilized for black-top adjustment can be gathered into three primary classes: thermoplastic elastomers, plastomers, and responsive polymers. Thermoplastic elastomers are clearly ready to present great versatile properties on the adjusted cover; while plastomers and receptive polymers are added to improve unbending nature and diminish disfigurements under burden [1]. Coming up next are a portion of the instances of polymers. ? SBS (outspread and straight) †great weariness opposition, high drag rate, however oxidation helplessness. There was a considerable increment in Marshall Stability estimation of the BC blend, in the request for a few times higher incentive in correlation with the untreated or normal bitumen. Polyethylene which has a place with plastomer offers inflexibility to the cover and lessens the twisting under burden. The effect of this is progressively significant when the convergence of polyethylene was kept underneath 1% by weight of the base bitumen. Anyway the current examination explores about the utilization of waste plastic as covering over totals and as a modifier in bitumen.

Amistad Essay example -- essays research papers

Vanessa Breslow                                   Professor Dublin 11/17/99                                        History 103-3 L’Amistad      The Amistad, unexpectedly a boat that implies â€Å"friendship,† was the setting of one of the most recorded slave revolts drove by dark Africans in 1839. This revolt increased extensive consideration from the American populace, the media and well as other global interests. It was the dark revolt on board the Amistad that touched off the basic issues of legislative issues, subjection, sectionalism, religion, exchange rights, and hostile to British assumption that previously tormented the country at the hour of the Amistad occurrence. The contention brought the whole world into the contention over human and property rights, an issue that partitioned our country and would in the long run sling it into war over the relationship of race and subjugation to freedom.      Treaties and Laws in the 1800’s tried to advance subjection guideline by making it lawful, however denying the further importation of slaves. Extraordinary Britain prohibited subjugation in its own settlements, and sought after the concealment of exchange. The United States passed the Slave Importation Act of 1807, which pronounced further importation of slaves into the United States unlawful. However these Laws end up being unenforceable because of Presidential forswearing of capacity to end exchanges the United States, just as the rising cotton creation in the South and the interest for Cuban sugar and Brazilian espresso, both extending the market for slave work. In this manner the 1817 arrangement with Great Britain that likewise prohibited outside slave exchange particularly hurt the Spanish province of Cuba. Notwithstanding the boycott, slave-merchants kept on pirating in slaves for a very long while and attempted to make them look like legitimate. Slaves were continually abducted from their country and taken most in transit to Cuba, where slave work was in most successive interest. In 1839, the two men, Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montes sanctioned the Amistad to transpor... ... furthermore, that narrow-mindedness was a card. Another negative relationship about bondage, saw by evangelicals, was its relationship with incredible riches. In the next November, the Africans, an interpreter, and a few evangelists (both high contrast) left for Africa on board the boat the Gentleman. The appearance of those Amistad Africans who had effectively opposed subjugation two years sooner, had touched off a sectional discussion of centrality inside the United States. The quick help of the blacks by driving abolitionists, when differentiated to the prompt forswearing by the central legislature of the Africans option to be free, demonstrated how solidly various powers in the country were focused on the bondage issue. Overall population reaction to the case uncovered the significance of gathering devotion, the disruptiveness of subjection, the constrained spot of the dark man, and the outrageous abhorrence for the abolitionists and Great Britain shared by Americans at the end of the Van Buren organization. These predominant and safe contrasts would remain immovably settled in the United States, and would progressively destroy the cou ntry until there comes a call of war to at long last settle sectional contrasts. Amistad Essay model - papers inquire about papers Vanessa Breslow                                   Professor Dublin 11/17/99                                        History 103-3 L’Amistad      The Amistad, amusingly a boat that implies â€Å"friendship,† was the setting of one of the most chronicled slave revolts drove by dark Africans in 1839. This revolt increased significant consideration from the American populace, the media and well as other worldwide interests. It was the dark revolt on board the Amistad that touched off the hidden issues of governmental issues, subjugation, sectionalism, religion, exchange rights, and hostile to British estimation that previously tormented the country at the hour of the Amistad episode. The contention brought the whole world into the contention over human and property rights, an issue that isolated our country and would in the long run sling it into war over the relationship of race and subjugation to freedom.      Treaties and Laws in the 1800’s tried to promote subjugation guideline by making it legitimate, yet disallowing the further importation of slaves. Extraordinary Britain restricted subjugation in its own states, and sought after the concealment of exchange. The United States passed the Slave Importation Act of 1807, which proclaimed further importation of slaves into the United States unlawful. However these Laws end up being unenforceable because of Presidential refusal of capacity to end exchanges the United States, just as the rising cotton creation in the South and the interest for Cuban sugar and Brazilian espresso, both growing the market for slave work. Therefore the 1817 settlement with Great Britain that likewise banned remote slave exchange particularly hurt the Spanish province of Cuba. Regardless of the boycott, slave-merchants kept on carrying in slaves for quite a few years and attempted to make them look like legitimate. Slaves were continually hijacked from their country and taken most in transit to Cuba, where slave work was in most successive interest. In 1839, the two men, Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montes contracted the Amistad to transpor... ... what's more, that narrow-mindedness was a card. Another negative relationship about subjugation, saw by evangelicals, was its relationship with extraordinary riches. In the next November, the Africans, an interpreter, and a few preachers (both highly contrasting) left for Africa on board the boat the Gentleman. The appearance of those Amistad Africans who had effectively defied bondage two years sooner, had touched off a sectional discussion of essentialness inside the United States. The quick help of the blacks by driving abolitionists, when differentiated to the prompt refusal by the central legislature of the Africans option to be free, demonstrated how immovably various powers in the country were focused on the bondage issue. Overall population reaction to the case uncovered the significance of gathering faithfulness, the disruptiveness of bondage, the constrained spot of the dark man, and the outrageous repugnance for the abolitionists and Great Britain shared by Americans at the end of the Van Buren organization. These predominant and safe contrasts would remain immovably settled in the United States, and would continuously destroy the coun try until there comes a call of war to at long last settle sectional contrasts.

Herman Miller Inc Case Study Essay

Until 2003, HMI offered deep rooted business. How did this training influence the company’s capacity to set up the association with chiefs and workers equipped for executing the procedure? How did this training construct the hierarchical capacities required for fruitful procedure execution? Deep rooted business is known as lasting representatives work for a solitary boss and are paid legitimately by that business. Notwithstanding their wages, they regularly get benefits like sponsored human services, paid excursions, occasions, wiped out time, or commitments to a retirement plan. Lasting representatives are frequently qualified to switch work positions inside their organizations. In any event, when work is â€Å"at will†, lasting representatives of enormous organizations are commonly shielded from unexpected occupation end by severance arrangements, similar to propel notification if there should be an occurrence of cutbacks, or formal control strategies. They might be qualified to join an association, and may appreciate both social and monetary advantages of their work. Deep rooted business encourages long haul development for workers, organizations and ventures. It creates prepared work force and permits organization and undertakings to expand on exercises learned. Venture specifically, advantage from this data move, as groups and individual are ready to take the skill and information on one experience to the following test, building congruity for the whole business. This experience brings about better resource the board and improved existence of-field frameworks that are sheltered and productive to work. Deep rooted work encourage: improved building structures; longer lead times for assembling and sourcing of gear; improved constructability; lower cost for tasks and support; open doors for extended turn of events; more grounded information base to handle extreme specialized issues. Association gives deep rooted representatives a greatly improved arrangement for assistance, for example, paid excursion, debilitated leave and occasions. In particular, those representatives ordinarily can expect professional success and the chance to be a piece of a bigger group and the quest for long haul objectives. Association takes a drawn out spotlight on workers as to preparing, advantages, maintenance and inclusion in industry exercises. In particular, association concentrated on progress through exercises got the hang of, deciphering information gainedâ with each task into inventive open doors for ventures around the world. Experienced, long lasting business makes this test a reality, catching exercises, perceptions and new thoughts for continuous and future applications. (Bruce Crager, World Energy, Vol.9, No. 1, P88-90) Do non-financial motivating forces encourage procedure execution at HMI? Clarify. Indeed, non-money related motivators encourage technique execution at HMI. Reasonability Unmistakable motivating forces offer highlights that beneficiaries frequently observe as extravagances. As it were, an outing or thing that a salesman will most likely be unable to legitimize buying themselves, regardless of whether they had adequate assets, is currently feasible through their presentation. The need to legitimize the utilization of the unmistakable prize is disposed of by the difficult work set forth to make the chance. The worth increments in the participant’s mind with the expanded trouble to get it. This absence of need to legitimize the utilization of the prize builds the inspirational effect of attempting to get it. ( Jeffrey, Scott A., Shaffer, V. The Motivational Properties of Tangible Incentives. Pay and Benefits Review. May/June 2007) Social Reinforcement The significant level of perceivability of this prize expands the capacity for family, companions and partners to perceive and recognize the unmistakable impetus. The ‘trophy value’ is high consequently strengthening the exhibition to acquire it. Unmistakable Unmistakable non-money motivation rewards offer a quick visual symbolism and related understanding. The capacity to see oneself sitting on the sea shore in Hawaii or viewing the 60† plasma TV has a quick persuading reaction to people over the money related worth that would be equivalent to these things. Separate Impact A substantial non-money grant is quickly isolated from the deals person’s salary and hence commonly not ‘lumped’ with different assets. Thisâ separation from customary salary has constructive relationship back to the granting firm and gives increasingly persuasive effect on salesmen or workers. Promotability/Communication Value Organizations get broadened an incentive from offering unmistakable non-money grants on the grounds that the beneficiaries regularly will impart their prizes or encounters to other people. They additionally are pleased to discuss their achievement with others, getting the message out about the organization all the while. Optional Reward Since substantial non-money rewards are not intended to be utilized for customary bill paying, beneficiaries like utilizing them for optimistic, noteworthy things or encounters. These nice sentiments stretch out toward the organization at whatever point they utilize the things or take a gander at the excursion pictures. Achievement Creation in Program Design The motivator non-money program ought to incorporate the accompanying key segments expanding on the rousing variables to guarantee its prosperity during usage, acknowledgment and rollout. (Jeffrey, Scott, 2004, University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business, The Benefits of Tangible Non-Monetary Incentculture as ives) Portray the way of life at HMI. OK portray HMI’s culture as sound and to a great extent steady of good technique execution? Clarify. Groups were frequently cross-practical. Participation in a group depended on the employee’s capacity to add to that group. Groups were regularly founded on item improvement. At the point when the item had been created, the individuals from that group were redistributed to new ventures. New undertakings could emerge out of any level in the association. Laborers at all levels were urged to advance new thoughts. Since Herman Miller laborers felt engaged, another director could run into some alarming conduct. All Herman Miller representatives could work 16 paid hours a year with an altruistic association of their decision. The organization set objectives for the quantity of representative volunteer hours contributedâ annually to its networks. Progress toward meeting those objectives was accounted for to the CEO. The natural Affairs Team had obligation regarding such exercises as reusing strong waste and planning items from maintainable assets. Herman Miller’s convictions continued to the family and the network. For instance, one worker picked all the more expensive fiber concrete board over PVC siding when in reestablishing their home, since Herman Miller had an arrangement â€Å"to keep away from PVC any place possible†. Another representative was engaged with an adolescent soccer affiliation that fund-raised to purchase garbs by gathering papers and aluminum jars. The company’s convictions continued to every single useful territory of the business. Some of them were clearly useful, and some were just the manner in which Herman Miller decided to direct its business. Be that as it may, we can't deny HMI’s culture as sound and to a great extent steady of good technique execution. To summarize, the general business objectives of any association are both main concern situated and worker fulfillment arranged. In the advancement of a motivating force reward framework it is critical to execute a program that will enable an association to arrive at its hierarchical destinations while upgrading representative/consumer loyalty, maintenance and execution. The execution of non-financial unmistakable compensations in an organization’s motivation program will be the best choice for all representative/client impacting chiefs to actualize when attempting to arrive at deals standard, income numbers and by and large objectives for the firm. The spurring factors behind execution can be extensive. (Jeffrey, Scott A., Shaffer, V. The Motivational Properties of Tangible Incentives. Remuneration and Benefits Review. May/June 2007)

Up in Arms About Samples of Research Essay Proposals?

Up in Arms About Samples of Research Essay Proposals? Literature review is a significant portion of the research proposal. Plan of action here, your task is to explain how you intend to attain the proposal. Logical research and documentation are necessary to supply a thriving research proposal. The Samples of Research Essay Proposals Game You simply supply the in the. Actually all absolutely free research proposals available on the internet are 100% plagiarized! The next section should discuss the strategy to reach the outcome. In the last steps, predict the outcomes of your research. The Samples of Research Essay Proposals Stories There are several varieties of essays, it isn't hard to shed an eye on all your writing assignments. The moment the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. If do not have any idea what a grantsmanship proposal paper is, or will need to increase your writing abil ities, then you're in the right location. If you've got few proposal essay tips for your academic assignment, make sure that you've ironed out all of the unnecessary elements and only the effective ones. The Basic Facts of Samples of Research Essay Proposals The objective of the project research proposal is to showcase the and justify the should conduct a project research and the practical ways the project research should be put into place. Developing a high quality proposal is critical for the researcher much like the aid of the proposal he is equipped to assess the magnitude and value of the upcoming research. You may use research proposals to demonstrate the expense of the project that you're undertaking and to demonstrate the soundness of what you intend to do. Research proposal not only communicates what you're attempting to accomplish but it may also be utilized as a tool for obtaining financial aid. A proposal sample can be very useful for students who do not know abou t the tenets of a research paper. There are various points to contemplate in order to reach a great research paper by means of either a grid paper template or a lined paper template, based on your preference or the research requirement. Utilizing template makes the job simpler. 267 cover letter templates you'll be able to download and print at no cost. When you own a research proposal it means you conduct a fantastic research and you've got the competence and knowledge to do it. You also ought to discuss the value of the research. Fourth, you should show the way your research will fit into the full subject. The goal of literature review is to permit the readers know that you've got sufficient understanding of the topic. When you're looking for an undergraduate research proposal sample, there are things you must watch out for. Once a while all of us have to handle the necessity to visit several companies and pick the most optimal solution for different sorts of insurance. When you want to start up some type of research, you have to know you will have support behind you when you attempt all that you're going to attempt. To begin with, you should be precise and carry out a very clear vision of what you're likely to describe (provide a crystal clear notion, time, place and so forth). What Samples of Research Essay Proposals Is - and What it Is Not Often you need to summarize a whole lot of research into a really brief paragraph. If you're presenting the proposal in order to find funding from the human body, then the undergraduate research proposal sample must come with your plan on how best to devote the money. In truth, it is highly encouraged by many professors at the first stages of investigating to use index cards. Utilizing proposal examples is a superb means to learn from somebody else's experience and produce an outstanding powerful proposal. There are lots of financial benefits directly connected to the manufacturing and sale of tobacco in many sections of the planet. You must explain the advantages of your methods and research, together with potential limitations. Smoking Ban in Public Places Tobacco for a stimulant may be used in various methods but the most typical way it's used is smoking it in the shape of cigarettes. The very first and the most significant truth is that e-cigarettes, although they are not as harmful than the standard tobacco cigarettes still can harm health. What to Expect From Samples of Research Essay Proposals? Researching and deciding upon an intriguing topic is the most important point of writing an essay. Also, you'll find college essay ideas on our website! There are lots of points that have to be taken into account when choosing appropriate proposal essay topic. Our samples will acquire the maximum grade for you in the event you submit it to your lecturer. A person who has never written a sample research title proposal can encounter lots of difficulties while writing such s ort of a paper for the very first time. Besides samples, there are lots of tools that may support you on writing your proposal essay. Outlining the sections right at the start of writing research paper can help you to keep up an appropriate structure for the whole write up. Using Samples of Research Essay Proposals If you don't understand how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be happy to help you. Essentially, it's a synopsis of the paper. If you're searching where to purchase research paper proposals online, you are likely to locate our site. A thorough outline is essential for writing a fantastic research paper. How to Get Started with Samples of Research Essay Proposals? It is clear that students who need to compose a fantastic research proposal will have difficulties with the organization of the paper. If the essence of the predicament is understood, it's going to be possible to spell out its backbone and to find all the required source s for the research. You need to always stay focused on the issue, avoiding too many details on minor difficulties. As luck would have it, this article talks about proposals and the various kinds.

Center Of Attention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 835 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Topics: Meditation Essay Did you like this example? If we look around our self there is a link or bond between living organisms. From tiny   insect to a advance human, there are somehow relations between them. It may seem senseless but if we take a close look to know how relation develops we found answer outstanding. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Center Of Attention" essay for you Create order Let us take   example of Adam, first man on earth living normally but after few days He feels himself alone.   Eve was sent as a companion of Him. They both began to live happily and enjoy pleasures of life   together. The connection between both individuals made a strong relationship like they care for   each other and showed their affection and attention. This shows a relation or inter-dependence   of two individuals is necessary even from early life, in other words from birth. When a child is born he is center of attention of his parents. They look after him and do everything for his better growth. An infant is totally dependent on his parents and the relation between them is of deep love and care. It states that how a man being individual interdependence on other fellow beings. There are three phases of life childhood, youth and old age. In all these phases man needs support, care, affection and attention. These qualities are necessary for entire life and one cannot get it by his or her-self alone but only way to come with all these to make a sound relation with others. Presence of fellow man makes you feel comfortable and internally satisfying to make one realize that how they are important to us. This importance and realization is somehow developed by mutual affairs. According to me, being individual cannot survive for a long time without making interaction with society. My family is very important to me and every person of my family makes me strong by moral support. My parents and sibling are everything to me because they are more than a family and more than friends. I learn from them a lot, their experiences and practical life values makes me to choose better in life. My success and career is based on interdependence of my family and without them I’ve never be able to seek knowledge. When we meet people, make some gossip or exchange ideas, visions of life, experiences, practical values and so many other things. If we notice these matters in such a way that we are giving and taking those values to make our self well define in moral character, this is matter of inter-dependence. In this universe everything depends on each other. Like food famers plough fields and wait for ripening of crops, after this struggle we eat those crops. Honey bees made honey from pollen which are part of flower and grown by gardeners or natural source. We take honey from bees for our nutrition fulfillment. But now a day we are more self conscious. We become selfish in some matter like property, politics etc. We harm and hurt other fellow beings for our means. Like nuclear or atomic blast, innocent people lost their live and become a puppet in politician’s hand. Politics is a dirty game and they do not get their benefits by playing such games. Selfishness always leads to snag. Lewis Thomas an American physician, researcher and etymologist found how two different creatures make a symbiotic relationship. In The Medusa and the Snail he describes an experimental value of symbiotic relation of two organisms having dissimilarity in their characteristics and functions inhabiting in same habitat. He says in nature there are some organisms having specific qualities and some are same. Word ‘unique’ for every second creature has become so common now, that we are astonished by their behavior in nature with other organisms. Some are genetically modified and some are modified by gene exchange. He gives example of Coral polyps known as biological self conscious, they do not accept other polyp of different genetic line but accept only of same line. Even a micro-organism is distinguished by its movement of flagella. This observation for Lewis is a discussion of notion about ‘self’ and ‘other’ by chemical recognition between discrete organisms. Medusa and Snail living in symbiotic relation and inter-dependence on each other they are also giving and taking beneficial properties for their survival, protection and nutrition. Medusa engulfs Snail in such a way that it becomes predator and snail as a prey. This predator prey relation in symbiotic habitat provides both food, growth but also showing their characteristics of individuality in each other. When tiny snail grows mature and leaves body of jelly fish as a vestigial parasite, there is nothing left or harm to jelly fish. Now Medusa is successfully edited parasite. Lewis says how these creatures do not harm and take benefit from each other. This symbiotic relation is better than parasitism in which host is harmed. If we conclude all these hence its proof that symbiotic and inter-dependence relation is essential part of life. There is no survival of individuality without such relations.

Compare and Contrast Minority and Majority Influence

As social beings, with each one of us connected to a whole network of other humans and their associated beliefs, opinions and traits practically every conscious second of the day, it is inevitable that we will be subject to external influences. These influences come in all shapes and forms from a whole multitude of sources, occurring both consciously and unconsciously, instantaneously or over a prolonged period of time, with the potential effect of these influences ranging from the immaterial to the life-changing. While our susceptibility to influence from the connected world around us can be hard to measure given our constant exposure to several different influences, social psychologists have been able to study the world of influence†¦show more content†¦One may find this interesting as it demonstrates the unconscious influence we are all subject to throughout life by the other members of our cultural group. Another factor that would make people more susceptible to group in fluence is the size of the group. While one may naturally think this seems obvious, with the more members in a group the more likely one is to be influenced, investigations have identified that a group of 3-5 is the ideal number for influence to occur. A group size of less than 3 people sees conformity significantly reduced (Bond, 2005), while there appears to be little difference in the effect of the size of the group once the group has reached a size of 5. One may challenge this, as it would seem to contradict slightly the phenomenon of de-individualisation which can see individuals doing things they would never dream of doing if acting independently, though as a result of the big group setting in which the individual finds themself, they lose their sense of individual identity and act in line with the crowd. One would expect this to occur much more readily when in a crowd of 20,000, as opposed to a group of 5. Above and beyond one’s cultural tendencies and the size of the group, there areShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Perspective Views Society Less as a Cohesive System and More as an Arena of Conflict and Power Struggles. Compare and Contrast the Main Tenets of the Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives.1319 Words   |  6 PagesCOURSE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY TOPIC: The conflict perspective views society less as a cohesive system and more as an arena of conflict and power struggles. Compare and contrast the main tenets of the functionalist and conflict perspectives. ANSWER: SECTION A Functionalists view society as a system of Social structures or subsystems working interdependently. In order for society to function, all parts of the whole must have a general consensus. Similarly, conflict theorists operate onRead MoreAnalysis Of Mama s Here Now 1536 Words   |  7 Pagesof this show realize the influence they have and use it to identify many different social issues. The show How to Get Away with Murder includes characters of various ethnicities, backgrounds, and sexual orientations. Not only does the show make an attempt at diversity, though, it goes a step beyond that. The characters that are introduced and the backgrounds that are explored in this episode give the show depth. In many shows there is what is referred to as a â€Å"token minority.† An example of this canRead MoreLarge Salaries of Pro Athletes Negative Effects on Athletes and Sports1574 Words   |  7 Pageseffect or not. This paper will aim to show how the contracts of athletes have changed significantly over time. It will also show how the pro athlete affect the sport of college in different aspects and if that helps or hurt the college athletics or influences it in a way to help the athletes. Then we will focus on how the salaries affect the players themselves. We take a look at today’s professional athlete and wonder what it be like to live like that. Even though the professional athlete is few inRead MoreImportant Points Of Racial Representation From Review Of Literature926 Words   |  4 Pagesdominate over minorities when they appear on screen- Minorities shadow behind White culture †¢ When shown on TV, people of color are in the background and are shown in stereotypical characters †¢ Whites viewed as ideal audiences, hence television shows with Whites as main leads †¢ African American celebrities are athletes that appear in only sporting advertisement †¢ Television and advertisements seem to ignore or â€Å"deflect† racial issues †¢ Even in children, White’s dominate over minority races and participateRead MoreSocioeconomic Status Of Black Families1601 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States alone, minorities have struggled for centuries to earn the basic rights and opportunities as others. African Americans have always worked harder and been treated maliciously just because of the color of their skin. There have been numerous movements, peaceful protests, and brutal battles by black leaders against whites for equality, justice, and a fair chance at a better life. It is safe to say that in the past, blacks were not allowed to progress or have a mind of their ownRead MoreQuality And Safety Improvement Initiatives Influences The Health Care System769 Words   |  4 PagesThe requirement for quality and safety improvement initiatives influences the health care system. Quality health care is health services for individuals and populations that increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge (Hughes, 2008). According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err Is Human, the majority of medical errors result from faulty systems and processes, not individuals (Hughes, 2008). However, due to processes thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Globalization On Multilingualism And I Propose Doing Multiple Case Studies1524 Words   |  7 Pagescost for many people not born in English-speaking countries. Despite its shortcomings, globalization has provided different languages, and minority dialects, meaningful spaces in which they can develop their own worth. There are still important studies to be done into the effect of globalization on multilingualism and I propose doing multiple case studies to compare the progression of language in countries around the world. To start, it is important to looked at how that progression changed to beginRead MoreIssues of Citizenship of Indigenous Populations in Republican Rome1601 Words   |  6 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 2 Indigenous populations in Republican Rome (ca. 500 BCE 31 BCE) 3 Citizenship in colonial era 4 IV Comparison and Contrast 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction The issues citizenship of indigenous populations in the Roman Republic and during the colonial era in Europe provides comprehensive information regarding how the indigenous populations were treated by Europeans. The right to get justice and to self-determine their politico-social life is the mainRead MoreJean M. Twenge s Generation Me964 Words   |  4 PagesJean M. Twenge was born in 1971, in United State of America and She lives in San Diego, California. Jean M. Twenge, Ph.D., is a professor of Psychology and The majority of Twenge s psychological research focuses on how culture shapes each generation s personality, attitudes, and behavior. Jean M. Twenge, her first book Generation Me, concludes with ways this generation and their elders can understand each other and work to overcome generational obstacles.Twenge gives, awareness the Boomers thoseRead MoreComparing Pluralist and Ruling Elite Accounts of Political Power in the U.K. and U.S.1336 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial theories about those, among which, pluralist and ruling elite are the two fundamentally outstanding theories that both have echoing practical influences in the modern world of politics nowadays. In this essay, I shall try to attempt to briefly explain the two theories, going further on from this, to mainly compare and contrast these theories, especially taking into account the political power in the UK and US where modern democratic societies are claimed to exist and

Determination Of Tax Liability Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Determination Of Tax Liability. Answer: The present scenario is associated with the issue of determining the status of residency for Jack Jones along with the determination of tax liability for the income derived in Australia. As evident from the current situation it is found that Jack holding a Canadian passport entered into Australia for work purpose. Jack additionally held the visa for Australia that allowed to work and visit in Australia. In order to understand the taxation situation it is necessary to work out the residential status to determine whether Jack was an Australian resident for taxation purpose. According to the Australian taxation office an individual entering in Australia for the purpose of work and living in a location and have taken steps of making Australia their home would be treated as the Australian resident for the purpose of taxation (Barkoczy, 2016). As defined under the Taxation ruling of TR 98/17, a person entering in Australia for the purpose of work and residing in Australia for more than six months having pre-arranged terms of employment contract would be considered as the resident of Australia (Saad, 2014). To understand the residential status of Jack Jones below listed are the three test that is performed; Residence according to the ordinary concepts Domicile test 183 days test Residency according to ordinary concepts: The principal assessment of ascertaining the status of residency for Jack is understanding the resides test. To effectively determine the residential status of Jack it is vital to take account of section 995-1 of the ITAA 1936 where an individual is considered to be an Australian resident (Woellner et al., 2016). From the current case study of Jack it assertion can be bought forward that he does not qualifies to be resident of Australia since he was not the resident of Australia under the ordinary concept of the work Resides. However, the period of physical presence is an important criteria in ascertaining the residential status (Robin, 2017). As held in the case of Miesegaes v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1957) person entering in Australia for the purpose of employment will be considered as the Australian resident given the stay is consistent for residing in Australia (Barkoczy et al., 2016). As evident from the current situation Jack will be considered as Australian resident because his physical presence and the length of stay has been long for more than half of the income year and reflects a degree of continuity which is consistent with residing in Australia. Domicile Test: The Taxation rulings of 2650 is associated with the determination of domicile an person residing in Australia for more than six months in the form of continuously or in breakdowns, they will be treated as Australian residents. As held in the case of Henderson v. Henderson (1965) the intention of an individual must be in the direction of making their home indeterminately (Tran-Nam, Walpole, 2016). Concerning the contemporary situation of Jack, an assertion can be bought forward that he has been occupant of Australian since he has been holding the work visa of Australia and has been living there since 2nd December 2012. Additionally, it was found that he went to work in Canada however after the period of nine months he decided to terminate the contract and return Australia to live for the rest of the income year. As held in the case of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Applegate (1979) the taxpayer having an Australian domicile was sent to establish branch office in New Hebrides however, the return of taxpayer to Australia would be treated as the Australian resident since the taxpayer had the permanent place of abode in Australia (James, 2016). In the present situation it can be stated that Jack will be treated as the Australian resident since he has been living in Australian an intended to make his place of residence indeterminately in Australia. 183 days test: The 183 days is considered to be another method of determining the residential status. The test is generally applied in those circumstances when the taxpayer has the physical presence in Australia for no less than one-half of the income year (Coleman Sadiq, 2013). Jack in the present context has been present in Australia for more than six months with clear intention of taking up the domicile in Australia. Therefore, in considering the above-defined test an assertion can be bought forward that Jack will be treated as the resident of Australia under the 183 days test. Computations of Assessable Income of Jack For the Year ended 30 June 2016 Particulars Reference Amount ($) Amount ($) Assessable Income Gross Salary Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 250000 Receipt of One off payment Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 100000 Australia Sourced Rental Income Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 30000 Receipt of Allowance Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 5000 Receipt of accommodation Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 7000 Receipt of Fees from Lawn Mowing Clients Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 2000 Total Assessable Income 394000 Allowable Deductions Membership fees Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 600 Allowable deductions as per income statement 10000 Tax Advice Fees Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 2000 Registration Fees Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 2000 Course fees for horticulture Section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 1500 Total Allowable Deductions 16100 Total Taxable Income 377900 Tax on Taxable Income 143602 Medicare Levy 7558 Less: Foreign income tax offset 75000 Total Tax Payable 76160 As held in the case of FC of T v. Applegate (1979) residential status of Jack becomes the most vital part of imposing tax (Harris et al., 2013). The below stated are following assumptions of including and deductions the relevant transactions; Gross salary is regarded as the part of the assessable revenue of the taxpayer and it will be counted in the taxable return of the taxpayer under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. The one off payments and Australian source rental income are considered to be income in terms of the usual concepts and will be liable for tax under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 (Kenny et al., 2017). Jack will be able to claim allowable deductions in respect of section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 in respect of membership fees and tax advice fees Jack will be able to claim allowable deductions for the expense incurred in horticulture under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. This is because the fees incurred is directly related to the income producing activities of the taxpayer (Kenny, 2013). References: Barkoczy, S. (2016). Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Barkoczy, S., Nethercott, L., Devos, K., Richardson, G. (2016).Foundations Student Tax Pack 3 2016. Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. Coleman, C., Sadiq, K.Principles of taxation law (2013). Harris, J., Graw, S., Gilders, F., Kenny, P., Van der Waarden, N.(2013) Theory and law in the regulation of business. James, K. (2016). The Australian Taxation Office perspective on work-related travel expense deductions for academics.International Journal of Critical Accounting,8(5-6), 345-362. Kenny, P. (2013).Australian tax 2013. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Kenny, P., Blissenden, M., Villios, S.(2017) Australian tax. ROBIN, H. (2017).AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press. Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1069-1075. Tran-Nam, B., Walpole, M. (2016). Tax disputes, litigation costs and access to tax justice.eJournal of Tax Research,14(2), 319. Woellner, R. H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press.

Introduction to conceptual bases nursing free essay sample

Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole (entirety) (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1)Physiological 2)Psychological 3)Social 4)Spiritual 5)Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism (1)Balance among subsystems of an organism (2)Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1)Physiological need 2)Social need 3)Affective need 4)Cognitive need 5)Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1)Approximately same basic need 2)The importance of each need for each person is different 3)All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive Factors that affect meeting needs 1)Physiological elements 2)Emotional elements 3)Knowledge and intellectual elements 4)Social elements 5)Environmental elements 6)Individual elements 7)Cultural elements (5) The theory related to basic needs —Maslow’s hierarchy theory of Basic needs for Human Being 1) Theory’s basic content a)Physiological needs b)Safety needs c)Love and belongingness needs d)Self-esteem needs e)Needs for self-actualization 2) Basis for need’s hierarchy a)Importance of needs b)Sequence of need’s appearance 3) General rules 4) Significance to nursing To identify client’s unmet needs b)To realize and understand client’s words and behaviors c)To predict client’s unspoken needs d)To collect client’s data comprehensively in case of missing e)To put client’s nursing problems in adequate order 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to conceptual bases nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Growth and development of human being (1) Definition of growth and development 1) Growth:a increase on amount in physiological aspect. a)height b)weight c)age 2) Development: (a)Definition: a changing process in physical and psychological aspect along with age’s increase and interaction between individual and its environment. Characteristics of development: a) in order b) predicted c) persistent d) as a result of learning and a symbol of maturation e) holistic (physiological, psychological, social ) 3) Maturation: (a) narrow definition: the process of the growth in physiological aspect and the potential in developmental aspect were exerted fully (b) generalized definition: a individual has not only obtained full development in physiological aspect, but also put up many mature behaviors. (2) Content of growth and developmenT.

Any realistic and achievable environmental ethic must be based on a weak anthropocentrism

Any realistic and achievable environmental ethic must be based on a weak anthropocentrism Introduction Effective maintenance of environmental ethics is one of the main pillars that support harmonious existence of organisms within an ecosystem. However, this view has been affected by the practice of anthropocentrism which purports that human being is the most valuable and important factor in the universe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Any realistic and achievable environmental ethic must be based on a ‘weak anthropocentrism’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is without doubt that while anthropocentrism is widely supported as a major resource for human beings, it has significant implications.1 I fully agree with the latter perspective since the attitude which the idea of anthropocentrism creates gives human beings the potential to exploit resources. This is perhaps the main reason why there is widespread and unsustainable system of resource exploitation which has resulted into massive extin ction of animals such as Great Auk and Dodo among others. In addition, this form of exploitation has led to massive degradation of biological resources. In spite of the general consensus that anthropocentrism is unacceptable, it is agreeable that weak anthropocentrism is quite critical since it provides a platform that enables attainment of robust environmental ethics. In addition, it eliminates the incongruity of ascribing intrinsic worth on non-human subjects as explored in this paper. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to critically analyze the perceived inconsistencies of both strong anthropocentrism and weak anthropocentrism.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the paper will discuss alternative paradigms of weak anthropocentrism and explain how it enables realistic achievement of environmental ethics. Anthropocentrism It is a fact t hat the past, present and future welfare of human beings can never be separated from their relationship with the natural environment bearing in mind that both of these two aspects are interdependent. The current practice that supports the implementation of anthropocentrism has raised numerous concerns and questions on how best human beings should relate with their environment. McNab indicates that this creates multiple ethical frameworks.2 It is important to highlight that anthropocentrism offers an approach which suggests that human beings should be in control of nature. This goes against non-anthropocentric paradigms and related conceptual counterparts that suggest that there is need to appreciate nature. Moreover, according to the arguments posed by Pluhar, it can be attained through the processes of deep ecology, ecocentrism and biocentism.3 Pluhar further indicates that there are ardent supporters of non-anthropocentrism and anthropocentrism who espouse those that critic, point out their flaws and oppose their tenet flaws.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Any realistic and achievable environmental ethic must be based on a ‘weak anthropocentrism’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is indeed plausible to mention the fact that anthropocentrism exclusively adheres to human perspective of pleasure and happiness. According to an analysis by conducted by Wolloch, it is evident that non-human animals as well as the non-human world are largely concerned with the production of human resources and factors of instrumental value.4 One would agree with the widespread and strong rejection of this view by animal liberation groups led by Tom Regan, Peter Singer and others. This group views and compares anthropocentrism to sexism, prejudice and filled with unwarranted bias. My view is that anthropocentrism might be objectionable since it gives humans the opportunity to exploit animals and othe r resources for the sake of trivial gains. In fact, some even use animals for experiments with little regard to the suffering which animals go through. Besides, various views held on anthropocentrism by businesses have caused major environmental issues and concerns. Over the last two decades, unacceptable business ethics have turned out to be a major facet in assimilation of a competitive advantage at the local and global market. This has been assimilated as a major shenanigan by the business managements even as the understanding of the resultant impacts on the environment and resources become more evident.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the economic effects have been very profound with analysts predicting future doom if the problem is not addressed promptly. Poor business ethics form one of the most important factors that negatively affect the national and global economy. This has been especially evident in the recent past whereby more business units tend to assimilate unethical operational practices that largely promote their short term gains while inducing long term dents to the economy. The last two decades have seen some of the most remarkable destructions of the natural systems in the history of the globe. Equally important have been the heightening calls for greater efforts to reduce the negative impacts of environmental degradation. Whereas many individuals as well as business enterprises understand the role played by the natural systems in facilitating their overall production capacity, little efforts have been put in place to counter the same problem. According to Pluhar, the modern market pla ce has forced most of the businesses to view environmental resources as being free and therefore indefinite in nature.5 However, this is not true as exhibited by the current revelation of the finite status of the petroleum resources. As a result, there has been a strong withdrawal of resources from the natural environment with little focus to their resilience capacities. Though it has been viewed as a minor shenanigan under the business practices of minimizing their overall costs, the economic growth is highly unsustainable in the long term bearing in mind that there is no guarantee of the same products in future. In addition to the above facts, many industries have been directly associated with vast pollution of the natural environment. In a complex tie up, the US has over the years failed to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, a notion that has been interpreted to give the business units a direct leeway to act unethically on the same line. Due to the trans-boundary nature of the air pollut ants, the impacts are felt on a global scale with US equally included. Global warming, resilience of the tropical diseases, and harsh climatic conditions has prompted the need for many nations to shift their resources towards addressing these disasters as opposed to concentrating on its economic development. According to the observations made by Sztybel, pollution of the environment has been a major player in reducing the ability of the economic resources that are needed to holistically support the fast enlarging economies of the various countries across the world.6 For instance, water pollution usually interfere with the stable nature of water resources since it reduces the usability of water resources for domestic purposes as well as the demand and pre-treatment processes before being put to industrial use. Consequently, there have been further increases in the overall cost of production and subsequent poor competition of the manufactured products at the market place. Weak anthrop ocentrism It is agreeable that anthropocentrism is a disaster to environmental ethics. However, my view concurs with that of Sztybel. The latter author is of the opinion that discarding this process to embrace non- anthropocentrism for satisfactory environmental ethics is not the solution.7 Rather, we can adopt a weak anthropocentrism. Boesch uses Henry David Thoreau’s view on nature and posits that it has more than a simple instrumental value. In fact, it is independent of human consciousness.8 In my perspective, this perspective has a direct correlation to certain religious beliefs and practices especially those drawn from Jainism and Hinduism. these two religions value nature and explicitly advocate for safe practices that may not harm the environment. Utilitarianism While this theory has been concerned with pain and pleasure, animal liberation members such as Peter Singer use it to indicate that animals, just like human beings, are capable of experiencing pleasure and pai n and as such, should be treated with the much needed respect9. A redefinition can also be made on the central principle of the theory to include non-animal entities. However, critics of the theory are of the view that some of the species in an environment neither experience negative nor positive effects. While considerations should be made to determine the balance of interests and pleasure between human beings and the environment, weak anthropocentrism is critical since it provides the rule of utilitarianism. In other words, it allows human activities to continue, but encourages sustainable development and organic farming among other practices. Aggreably, my view is that conceptual approaches which weigh the consequences of human actions on the immediate environment should be embraced. Kant’s ethical theory While Kant perceives nature as a phenomenon that has no intrinsic value, one cannot fail to see the areas in his theory that support weak anthropocentrism. It is true fro m his perspective that trees and other non-human animals do not have any inherent worth.10 Kant’s perspective can largely be used as a hypothetical model of evaluating actions and determining whether they are good or bad. By being categorically imperative, we are tasked to universalize actions by answering questions whether others would act in a similar manner if faced with similar situations. Categorical imperative as Kant argued should be driven out of motivation and intent for one to be considered dutiful. Deontological ethics The philosophy was developed in early 1930s by Broad. D. who emphasized that people’s actions should be judged according to their obligation to duty.11 In particular, the philosophy contrasts the previous consequentialist perspective by emphasizing that an action should be considered good if only the underlying will is fine. It is important to mention that Broad’s consideration of deontological ethics was greatly shaped by the previous work of Emmanuel Kant who brought out the first tenet of deontological philosophy of categorical imperative.12 Under this consideration, individuals should always act in a manner that quantifies their actions into universal laws. This notion has made the philosophy to be of great importance in the practice of weak anthropocentrism and conservation of the environment because people tend to review their actions to ensure that the outcome is positive and based on acceptable virtues. Deontological ethics further advocate for non-aggression principle by indicating that the ultimate intent of such actions is to cause harm and therefore the actions are wrong.   This is in line with the natural law which encourages conservation and rejects environmental abuse. According to the ideas presented by Acampora, deontological philosophy give exceptions to this non aggressive orientation by pointing towards weak anthropocentrism in the sense that it is acceptable to use resources when in need and for whatever reasons.13 The tenet which elicited greatest debate in the 20th century is the consideration of categorical imperative when dealing with the environment. Under this tenet, Andrew reports that people are allowed to implement anthropocentrism if its intention is to cause greater good.14 A good example is the felling of trees to provide fuel for energy. However, the perspective sharply contrasts with existentialism which refers to nature as unique and therefore important. This philosophy greatly informed and guided leaders, managers and workers on the need to develop the correct values and attitudes towards the environment. Viable ethical approaches Libertarian extensions Libertarian extension is an important approach that calls for equal rights to everything existing in a community. In an environmental understanding, human and non human aspects are part of a community and have an ethical worth. The social movements and civil liberty approach which requires harmony to be established between the products considerations of reality appears to be more promising in the sense that it factors the demands of human beings and non-human animals. Andrew agrees with the social movements’ consideration that indeed anthropocentrism presents a high level of uncertainty to the environment and therefore the need to take effective precaution. In addition, their emphasis on ecological sustainability presents their inter-generational concerns for mankind. On the other hand, though governments have the overriding forces in influencing the use of biotechnology, it is no doubt that their supporters are fast becoming highly polarized and may eventually face mass resistance as more people through unions and social movements join the fight. Ecological extensions All abiological and biological entities have a fundamental interdependence which largely calls for the recognition of their rights.15 While addressing the problem of strong ecological extensions, Serpell argue s that there is great omission of environmental ethical concerns.16 Serpell further argues that though feeding people is indeed very crucial, it is more dangerous to threaten the survival of animals and resources because of two core factors. First, the expected negative results are unclear and therefore making it even harder to prepare for it. Then the resulting problem may indeed obscure the benefits that had been accrued and perhaps form an expanded basis. For example, the act of deforestation results to ecological breakdown. The resulting implication could include climate change, irregular weather patterns, and loss of biodiversity which are very hard to restore. Conclusions I have held the opinion over the years that embracing weak anthropocentrism is the best way to go and that opponents of this notion are not genuine. In particular, the reports and pictures of environmental destruction strengthen my conclusion. As a result, my mind became highly polarized towards anthropocentr ism as opposed to holistically analyzing it and its possible negative implications. However, this study has effectively revealed new insights on related problems that should be considered simultaneously if the current environmental problems are to be addressed effectively. There is need to assess the possible future impacts of strong anthropocentrism in society before it can be considered safe. In addition, it is crucial to involve all the stakeholders in the society by incorporating their concerns to gather greater support at all levels of environmental conservation. In order to effectively address this perspective, it must be viewed from the global point of view as opposed to the localized outlook. Finally, I will seek to create a forum that can bring together major stakeholders who will dialogue on key issues and therefore harmonize their understanding on the problem. From this forum, I will seek to expand the involvement of the different professionals and consequently make key r ecommendations that can address environmental issues. Bibliography Acampora, R, Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents: The Moral Status of Animals in the History of Western Philosophy, Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol. 44, no. 3, 2006, pp. 480-481. Boesch, C, Away from ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism: Towards a scientific understanding of what makes us human, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 33, no. 2-3, 2010, pp. 86-87. Coward, M, Against anthropocentrism: the destruction of the built environment as a distinct form of political violence, Review of International Studies, vol. 32, no. 3, 2006, pp. 419-420. Gabriel, AK, Beyond Anthropocentrism in Barths Doctrine of Creation: Searching for a Theology of Nature, Religious Studies and Theology, vol. 28, no. 2, 2009, pp. 175-187. McNab, K, Anthropocentrism: are humans the centre of existence?† Peace Research, vol. 34, no. 1, 2002, pp. 113-116. Pluhar, EB, Non-Obligatory Anthropocentrism, Journal of Agricultural and Env ironmental Ethics, vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2000, pp. 329-330. Serpell, JA, Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents: The Moral Status of Animals in the History of Western Philosophy, Bulletin of the history of medicine, vol. 82, no. 1, 2008, pp. 219-220. Sztybel, D, Taking Humanism Seriously: Obligatory Anthropocentrism, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2000, pp. 181-203. Wolloch, N, Animals, Extraterrestrial Life and Anthropocentrism in the Seventeenth Century, The Seventeenth Century, vol. 17, no. 2, 2002, pp. 235-253. Footnotes 1 K McNab Anthropocentrism: are humans the centre of existence?, Peace Research, vol. 34, no. 1, 2002, pp. 113-116. 2 McNab pp. 115 3 EB Pluhar Non-Obligatory Anthropocentrism, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2000, pp. 329-329. 4 N Wolloch Animals, Extraterrestrial Life and Anthropocentrism in the Seventeenth Century, The Seventeenth Century, vol. 17, no. 2, 2002, pp. 235-253. 5 Pluhar pp. 329 6 D Sztybel Taking Humanism Seriously: Obligatory Anthropocentrism, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2000, pp. 181-203. 7 Ibid 8 C Boesch Away from ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism: Towards a scientific understanding of what makes us human, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 33, no. 2-3, 2010, pp. 86-7. 9 R Acampora Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents: The Moral Status of Animals in the History of Western Philosophy, Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol. 44, no. 3, 2006, pp. 480-481. 10 R Acampora, pp.48- 481. 11 Boesch pp. 87 12 R Acampora Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents: The Moral Status of Animals in the History of Western Philosophy, Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol. 44, no. 3, 2006, pp. 480-481. 13 Acampora pp. 480 14 AK Gabriel, Beyond Anthropocentrism in Barths Doctrine of Creation: Searching for a Theology of Nature, Religious Studies and Theology, vol. 28, no. 2, 2009, pp. 175-187 15 M Coward, Against anthropocentrism: the destruction of the built environment as a distinct form of political violence, Review of International Studies, vol. 32, no. 3, 2006, pp. 419-419. 16 JA Serpell , Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents: The Moral Status of Animals in the History of Western Philosophy, Bulletin of the history of medicine, vol. 82, no. 1, 2008, pp. 219-220

Professional Sports Teams - Economic Market Analysis Research Paper

Professional Sports Teams - Economic Market Analysis - Research Paper Example Football, Cricket, Basketball etc are some of the popular games which are used for business purposes at present. These sports activities are marketed throughout the world with the help of different sports clubs formed at different parts of the world. For example, in America, different basketball clubs are functioning whereas in India different cricket and football clubs are functioning for business purposes. In Britain, Spain, Italy like countries, world famous Football clubs are functioning for business purposes and Manchester United is one of the popular football clubs in Britain. This paper briefly analyses the market structure of Manchester United. In one respect the place is Old Trafford where home games are played, but Manchester United also plays at a range of other venues. And, of course its products are sold across the globe, through the club's website and a range of other sales media. Manchester United markets itself as a global brand. The club also engages in a range of jo int promotional activities, for example with the mobile phone company Vodafone. Manchester United books, shirts, programmes, keyrings and many other items are sold and promoted through its website. The club has positioned itself at the upmarket premier end of the market and, as a result, it tends to charge premium prices as evidenced by the high cost of a season ticket to watch home league games (Marketing mix (Price, Place, Promotion, Product), 2011) Manchester United is operating in a highly competitive sports market at present. It is difficult for any of the football clubs in the world to establish monopoly in the market because of the severe competition existing between different clubs. For example, Manchester United, Chelsea, Barcelona, Real Madrid, A.C. Milan etc are some of the prominent football clubs in the world which are engaged in severe competition to establish their supremacy over others. These clubs are always canvassing better players from other clubs in order to str engthen their team and to reduce the competition from other teams. Thus Football clubs like Manchester United is operating in a heavily contested global sports market at present. Apart from providing an excellent team for global football tournaments, Manchester United boosts its business prospects through other channels such as sale of shirts, and a range of memorabilia, television rights etc. It should be noted that Manchester United plays both home games and away games and they visit many other places for participating in different championships. They have a wide array of supporters both in England and in other parts of the world. They utilize their popularity for business purposes as other clubs do. Unlike many other business activities, establishing monopoly or oligopoly in sports market is extremely difficult. It is a fact that Microsoft enjoys monopoly in operating system market whereas OPEC enjoys oligopoly in the oil market. Because of the huge control in the market, these o rganizations can interfere and control the market more effectively than their competitors. They can increase or decrease the production and raise or lower the product price at any time they like. It is difficult for a sports club like Manchester United to enjoy such controls in the market (even though it is the richest football club in the world) because of the huge

Religious diversity in Saudi Arabia and US Speech or Presentation

Religious diversity in Saudi Arabia and US - Speech or Presentation Example Saudi Arabia offers lesser freedom of religion to the residents as compared to the USA. The practice in Saudi Arabia is that all shops are closed during the times of prayers, so as to discourage the people from engaging themselves in other businesses while the call for prayer is made through Azan in the mosques. While scheduling business-related matters in Saudi Arabia, non-Muslims have to play special attention towards this matter because their Muslim partners would not be available at these particular times at least for the duration of Salat in the mosques. On the other hand, in the USA, all shops remain open irrespective of the time of prayers in any religion, be it Islam or Christianity or any other religion. Government may impose restrictions but they are for other kinds of reasons like saving power, and are not grounded in any religion. Another factor that elaborates lesser freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia than the USA is the fact that there are no churches in Saudi Arabia w hereas in the USA, there are churches, mosques, synagogues, and Temples to entertain the religious needs of all of the communities that make part of the American society including the Christians, Muslims, Jews, and Hindus etc. Presently, Saudi Arabia does not have any official churches with a Christian denomination. Lack of official churches makes it very difficult for the Christians to conduct religious meetings and acts. The Christian community living in Saudi Arabia conducts private meetings for the religious affairs. The usual practice for the foreign Christians living in Saudi Arabia is that church meetings are arranged in one of the embassies. Christians can attend those meetings after registration and proving their foreign nationality. Sometimes, church meetings are also conducted at private assemblies arranged in the gyms of the schools. Many Christians conduct religious services at one another’s residences. Although Muslims make a sizeable portion of the American soc iety, yet the Americans have many suspicions, doubts, and confusions about the religion Islam. These confusions, in part, are grounded in the fact that the way of life taught by Islam to its followers is very much different from the traditional American lifestyle. The non-Muslim Americans find a lot of restrictions in Islam upon things that make part of their everyday life of many of them. Such things include but are not limited to consuming alcohol, eating pork, socializing with the opposite gender without significant physical boundaries and physical interaction with them, the girlfriend-boyfriend culture, same sex marriages, and cohabitation. When a non-Muslim American observes that everybody but practicing Muslims consumes alcohol freely in parties, visits night-clubs, and has a girlfriend or a boyfriend, he/she thinks of the practicing Muslims as people out of this world. Some may think good of them while others may have negative perceptions about the Muslims, but one thing that is a common observation among a vast majority of the non-Muslim American community is that Muslims in general and the practicing Muslims in particular have a very different lifestyle from theirs, and the source of this difference is Islam. Apart from this observation, another factor

Ideology and work choices Essay Example for Free

Ideology and work choices Essay Labour laws come from a body of administrative rulings, laws and regulations that are meant to address the legal rights and restrictions of workers and their organizations/ employers. These laws help in improving the relationship between employers, trade unions and employees. Since the 19th century, labour rights have been playing a crucial role in the development of the industrial revolution both socially and economically. These labour laws arose due to the inequality that existed between employees and employees especially when it came to workers’ demands for better conditions like health, safety and wages and employers’ demands for reduced labour costs. Therefore, labour laws are meant to e fair to both parties (employers and employees) thus, they are both a product and a component of different struggles between different interests in society. (Plowman, and Preston, 2005) Overview On 7th December 2005, the Australian Government under Prime Minister John Howard secured passage through the Australian parliament of Workplace Relations Amendment Act 2005. This legislation will greatly affect the conduct of Australian industrial relations. It will also greatly influence the way that the rules that regulate employment relationship in Australia are made and implemented. However, a complete analysis of these reforms has not been made. (Bray et al 2005) The reason why these reforms had to be made was to ensure that the loopholes and strategies that unions had developed since the Workplace Relations Act 1996 were closed off. The Australian labor party identified industrial relations gaps between what it and Howard’s government stood for. The labor’s policy platform focused on four major things: encourage family friendly workplaces, improving job security, assist parties to avoid and resolve disputes (ALP 2004) and restore the right to bargain collectively. In the 1970s, the Australian economic capacity was greatly diminished by adverse trade movements and oil price shocks. This forced the successive governments to introduce a range of reforms meant to enhance the competitiveness of Australian industries in international markets. These reforms comprised reduction in tariffs, floatation of the Australian dollar and abolition of most foreign exchange controls which increased Australia’s openness to foreign competition. Significant changes started being introduced to Australia’s workplace relations from the 1990s. These legislative reforms were meant to maintain a strong safety net for workers while at the same time provide a greater flexibility and choice for employers and workers at workplace level. It was until March 2008 that the government of Australia introduced transitional measures that phased out many concrete provisions in the workplace provisions laws (Workplace Relations Act 1996, Workplace Relations Amendment/Work Choices Act 2005 and Workplace Relations Amendment Act 2007). Ideology and work choices. It should be clearly noted that the prime minister and other members of his government have denied that their policies are not ideological. General philosophy Rather than employers and employees being stuck in an adversarial system, the government wants to put up a system that will allow them to determine their own conditions of working by looking into their common interests. (Andrews 2005b, p. 7). Therefore, a contract between an employee and an employer is seen as a meeting of minds between two partners who are equal and an agreement will only occur when both parties agree with the terms of the contract. In contrast to the pluralist perspective, the general philosophy fails to recognize that inequality of power is central feature of employment relationship. Role of employees. With this new act, provided the employees (Workers) are given the right leadership, the right incentives and the right opportunities, they will be in a position to work very closely with the management Impact on the parties and the rule making processes. In this section we shall critically look at the impact of that these reforms will have on the major actors in the Australian industrial relations. Role of the state In the last 20 years, the government of Australia has seen far greater reliance on market forces than state regulation. However, with the national competition policy as a catalyst, both state and federal governments have embraced deregulation of product markets, government owned enterprises have also been privatized and a private-sector management practice is being used in public sector organizations. (Bray et al. 2005) The narrowing of the state regulation can be seen in the shrinking role of awards and the new modest employment protections offered by the Fair Pay of Australia. Rule making process From chapter 8 of Bray et al. (2005), the four main forms of rule making in Australia are: managerial prerogative, individual contracting, collective bargaining and awards. With the Work Choices act, collective bargaining and award making will decline while managerial prerogative and individual contracting will expand significantly. The reforms here favor employers in many ways. Most employers will be able to gain significant capacity to practice improved bargaining power in their dealings with employees and unions and managerial prerogatives (Bray and Waring 2006). The changes in rule making have been encouraged as the government members have confirmed that economic success depends on freeing employers and employees from the restrictions of the old system. Awards This act has reduced the number of matters from 20 to 16 and this has helped in simplifying the awards. The award clauses that have been removed relate to: Jury service, long service leave, superannuation and notice of termination. However some federal awards that provide kind entitlements like leave arrangements will not be removed from the awards as they are deemed as preserved award entitlements. Management The Work Choices act will bring the Australian managerial sector more freedom to manage their businesses as they see fit. This is because there will be less state regulation of the employment relationship and they will not be forced by unions to collectively bargain over wages and working conditions. With this new freedom the Australian managers will be in a position to lead to more efficient enterprises, more jobs and a more competitive national economy. Many companies will also be capable of pursuing innovation/ quality-enhancement and business strategies. Unions. In chapter six of Bray et al. there is a trace of the historical evolution of unions as a form of employee representation in Australia. It was seen that membership and the power of trade unions had greatly declined from the beginning of the 1990s. This decline was brought about by many reasons. One of them was the increasingly hostile role of management and the impact of government policies that were not sympathetic. These harsh circumstances may be conducive to attracting new members and stimulated a new collective strength. However strategic differences over the union response to work Choices show great differences in ideologies within the Australian labour movement and the labour movements of other countries. Only time will tell where the union movement will go and what the real outcomes will be. Conclusion. The measures brought about by the Work Choices reforms are far reaching. This is because they represent a major break from the past in many ways. Firstly, their consequences to the constitution promise to be very big. Secondly, despite the much opposition it has faced, these reforms will help introduce new institutions by spelling an end to those institutions that have dominated Australian industrial institutions for very many years. They will also change the process by which the rules of employment relationships are made in Australia. In addition, market forces, individual contracting and managerial prerogative are going to gain a new ascendancy. According to Howard’s government and business supporters, these reforms are also inevitable as they are necessary in driving productivity and reducing unemployment and will also guarantee competitiveness. It is also important that any conclusions be left speculative and uncertain since public opinion can fail and political climate can drastically change. References: Andrews, K. (200b) ‘Where do we want workplace relations to be in five years time? ’ speech to Committee for Economic Development of Australia, Federation Square, Melbourne, retrieved on 15th March. Bray, M and Waring, P (2006) ‘The rise of managerial prerogative under the Howard government’, Australian Bulletin of Labour (in press). Bray, M. and Walsh, P. (1998), ‘Different paths to neo liberalism Comparing Australia and New Zealand’, Industrial Relations, Vol. 37, No. 3. Pp. 358-87. Bray, M. , Deery, S. , Walsh, J. and Waring, P. (2005) Industrial relations, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Sydney. Plowman, D. and Preston, A. (2005) ‘The new industrial relations: portents for the lowly paid’, Journal of Australian Political Economy, No. 56, Dec, pp. 224-42

Witchcraft in the Ibibio Tribe Essay -- Religion

Witchcraft has become a phenomenon in the last few years, launching TV shows and movies onto the screens of televisions and cinemas. It has become an inspirational topic for writers to launch their next book. But, as entertaining as witchcraft maybe to us, it is feared by the Ibibio tribe of Nigeria. This paper will focus on how the Ibibio tribe detected, prevented witchcraft and the massive anti-witch hunt that took place all around Africa. Also, this paper will analyze presumptive causes that could have led to a witchcraft outbreak in the Ibibio. Nigeria has had its share of outbreaks but, out of all of them the most unique must have been the witchcraft outbreak that plagued all of Nigeria and the rest of Africa. The Ibibio tribe of Nigeria in the seventeenth century, where about two million people that were mostly â€Å"agrarians† or â€Å"petty traders†, according to Daniel Offiong, researcher and author of â€Å"Social Relations and Witchcraft Beliefs Among the Ibibio† and â€Å"Witchcraft Among the Ibibio of Nigeria†. The tribe was mainly Christian with a few Muslims (Offiong, 1983, pg. 73). They believed in one god and the Holy Ghost, but when they had to deal with an affliction, they went to diviners or spiritualists for treatment (Offiong, 1983, pg. 73-74). When they were plagued with a problem, their main reaction was to blame the problem on witchcraft with no logical explanation behind it. The existence of witchcraft started in Nigeria, due to the continuous process of blaming witchcraft f or unexplainable problems. Once witchcraft became the cause of the unexplained problem, people started accusing each other of being witches. Research conducted by Daniel A. Offiong, suggests that the people who were more prone to be accused of witchcr... ... used and the anti-witchcraft crusade that took place. It also went into the social elements that may have played a part in the outbreak of witchcraft in this tribe. Works Cited Shaman. (2011, 1 11). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Marwick, M. G. (1952). The Social Context of Cewa Witch Beliefs. Cambridge University Press, 120-135. Offiong, D. (1983). Social Relations and Witch Beliefs among the Ibibio. Cambridge University Press, 73-82. Offiong, D. A. (1983). Witchcraft Among the Ibibio of Nigeria. African Studies Association, 107-124. Offiong, D. A. (1999). Traditional Healers in the Nigerian Health Care System and the Debate Over Integrating Traditional and Scientific Medicine. Anthropological Quarterly, 118-130. William A. Haviland, H. E. (2008). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challege. Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

The Advantages of My Apartment

A new family moving into the Vista community would have a plethora of housing options. There are just so many flashy ads and advertisements around. It can make finding a place to call home a true chore. But as many families have already found out, there are many reasons as to why the apartments in my neighborhood are some of the most sought after in Vista, CA. Especially in comparison to my previous residences such as Marine Corps barracks, my current apartment has many advantages that would make it a wonderful place any family would be proud to call home. First of all, for its size, the apartment is very affordable. During my 3 months of apartment shopping, I could not find a more sizeable apartment for the price I pay. It is only twelve-hundred dollars per month for two bedrooms and two bathrooms when some other properties charged nearly that price for a studio or single bedroom unit. Also, the rooms in the apartment are very large. We have a large master bedroom, and the guest bedroom is big enough for my wife and I to store all of our extra belongings as well as a twin bed and a computer workstation. In addition to those, my apartment also has an immense amount of storage space. There are walk-in closets in both bedrooms, extra storage outdoors, and there is even a walk-in pantry in the kitchen. Although, as much of a selling point the size and price were, if not for the great location, we still may have kept searching. Secondly, the apartment is in a great location. For one, it is very close to the business district. We are within a few miles of many grocery stores, shopping centers, movie theatres, and many other attractions. Also, it is within walking distance of several public transportation hubs. The buses and trains at these places travel all over, to San Diego and Los Angeles and everywhere in between. Another example of the apartments’ great location is that we are close to our friends. We live only minutes away from many of our friends. Furthermore, since we only have 1 vehicle, my wife can always simply call a friend if she needs to run errands or shop, due to the fact that we live so close together, so as not to cause a hassle. Another huge advantage of my apartment is the level of tranquility it retains. A third advantage my apartment has is how tranquil it is. One reason these apartments are so peaceful is the fact that there are no pets. Since pets are not allowed, the apartments are always almost eerily quiet. This is great because on could sleep however long they want to without being rudely awoken. Also, we do not have to worry about barking or other animal sounds interruption my television watching, music listening or whatever else I may be doing. Another reason for the tranquility of the apartment is due to the face that there are very few young children. This is nice because my wife and I have no children with the other young couples around us. Moreover, we do not have to worry about the cries of little children disturbing us during whatever we may be doing at the time. Going hand in hand with the tranquility of the apartment though, is how helpful and courteous our neighbors are. A fourth reason my apartment is advantageous is that my neighbors are very courteous and friendly. One example of this is how our neighbors always have helped us when we were in a bind. On one occasion, the battery in my car suddenly died and one of my neighbors unselfishly dropped everything he was doing and drove his car to mine to give my battery a jump start, enabling me to go to the store to buy a new battery. Also, on many occasions, our neighbors have taken our wet clothes from the community washers and changed them over to the dryers, alleviating us of having to do the task ourselves. In addition to how helpful our neighbors are, they are also quite courteous. As far as the adults around us, while they do listen to music and other things like most, they do not listen to it at absurdly loud levels so as to disturb the people around them. Furthermore, the few children that live around us are obedient and do not cause excessive noise when they play. But at any rate, even with all these upsides, I would have never chose my current apartment if not for how good and kind the management is. Lastly, an advantage our apartment has is how kind and efficient the management of our apartment is. First off, our management is very kind. They know the tenants by name . Even from the day we first picked up our house keys from the office, the people inside welcomed us by name, which was very reassuring to us. Also, whenever we pass by one of the managers, they always greet us. Though, most importantly to me, the management always address our complaints expediently. For example, when my wife and I first visited our apartment before we moved in, we had to complete a pre-occupancy checklist. While there were not many discrepancies, the few that we did note were fixed before we even started moving into our new home. Even since then, all of the problems that have arisen in our apartment such as; burnt-out light bulbs, faulty appliances, broken hot water heaters, and so on; were addressed immediately. Finally, at our apartment complex, every tenant has assigned parking spots only for our vehicles. On multiple occasions, I would find other peoples’ cars parked in my spot. All I needed to do was inform the management of someone in my spot, and the problem was taken care of right away. As you can see, my apartment has a lot going for it. All these reasons like; a good location, the level of tranquility, its’ roominess, the friendliness of the neighbors, and the quality of the management, make for a wonderful neighborhood, and a great place to bring your family home. Now, having been educated, the choice of where to call home should be quite simple. I gladly made mine, and have not regretted it for an instance

Workplace Literacy and Effective Communication - 1270 Words

Workplace Literacy and Effective Communication Recently, there has been a poorly written communication in the workplace, which has led to some hurt feelings, lower morale and possible loss of business. As a corporation, we have worked very hard to maintain the synergy though out our work environment. These latest events are starting to compromise multiple aspects of our company. First, we are losing control and perspective of our colleagues. Camaraderie and atmosphere are suffering, placing us in jeopardy of destroying our active policies and their integrity. We must also be careful not to take these events lightly, jeopardizing our nucleus and strong core structure of talented workers. Workplace literacy and effective communication†¦show more content†¦Establishing and maintaining credibility is not the only reason for effective communication and in our attempt to clarify this need; the question arises as to what the consequences for ineffective communication are. The Salt Lake Tribune (2000) makes mention that manageme nt experts say producing sloppy, poorly written work can be a career killer, and honestly, make you look lusterless and diminished. In most cases, Nick Morgan (editor of Harvard Management Communication Letter) points out, readers of your work probably will skip right over grammatical errors but, most certainly, will notice a poorly argued, poorly structured report (cited in The Salt Lake Tribune, 2000, p.E.3). Among the ever-growing consolidation demands being imposed on employers, there is a great demand to not complicate or eliminate the social interaction aspects in workplace literacy. However, restructured management has forced requirements on workers to be more involved in self-directed work teams. Mariam Jean Dresser makes mention that these work teams must set goals together engaging in persuasive communication, problem analysis, and writing (cited in Smith, p. 378). 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